How Were the Pyramids Built? Unraveling the Mysteries

The mysteries of how the pyramids were built continue to captivate historians, archaeologists, and enthusiasts, ensuring their place in both history and our imaginations , Despite the myriad theories, the exact techniques used to construct these colossal edifices remain shrouded in mystery because simply we did not find any report or writings from Pharaohs time to tell how they built the pyramis that is why there are many theories non of it has been confirmed yet.

How the Pyramids Were Built: Uncovering the Ancient Mysteries

The Great Pyramids of Giza have intrigued and captivated people for centuries. Rising majestically from the desert sands, these remarkable structures, built around 4500 years ago , were more than just elaborate tombs; they symbolized the divine power of the pharaohs and their eternal journey into the afterlife.

One of the most compelling theories suggests that the construction involved thousands of skilled workers, not slaves as often believed so it was kind of national project. These laborers, many of whom were farmers, organized into teams, worked during the inundation of the Nile when their fields were underwater. This seasonal labor force highlights a sophisticated understanding of resource management in ancient Egyptian society.the work was under control of other supervisiors and architects.

step pyramid

Transporting the Stone Blocks


The construction relied heavily on the transport of massive limestone and granite blocks. Researchers believe these stones were moved on sledges, which may have been lubricated with water to reduce friction.

Water canal system
Before construction the ground level was not equal and for this reason they would cut many channels like a chessboard and they would connect all the channels together and then fill them with water, the water as long as it was connected has the same level, so they used the water surface as a mark and then they cut all the upper ground stones to be equal to the surface level Water to be exactly the same level as the ground.

Theories of Ramps
At the heart of the construction debate are various ramp theories. One popular idea is the straight ramp, which suggests long, inclined planes were used to haul stones upward. Alternatively, the zigzag ramp theory proposes a more complex design, where ramps could have snaked up the sides of the pyramids.

Astrological Precisionof the pyramid


The pyramids are aligned with astonishing accuracy to the cardinal points, showcasing the Egyptians’ advanced understanding of astronomy. They likely utilized the stars and the sun as tools for navigation, ensuring the pyramids were oriented perfectly to the cosmos.

Egptian pyramids

A Long-Lasting Commitment
The Great Pyramid’s construction spanned approximately 20 years, underscoring the impressive organization and dedication of the workforce. The builders lived in nearby settlements equipped with bakeries and breweries, ensuring they were well-fed and motivated for their monumental task.

Decorating the pyramids
As long as the construction has been finished the whole pyramid was coverd by fine quality of limestone to look more luxury specially the the top of the pyramid was made of from pure gold and the second reason for coating the pyramid to hide the entrance from the tomb robbers, so the whole pyramid was white colore and the top was gold for reflecting the sun rays.

Symbolism Beyond Stone
More than mere architectural feats, the pyramids embody the spiritual beliefs of ancient Egypt. Their triangular shape symbolizes the sun’s rays, representing the pharaoh’s ascension to the heavens. This connection to the divine made each pyramid not just a tomb but a gateway to eternity.

If you would like to visit Giza pyramids and know more about its secerts check this link here

Written by ATW October 2024

/by

List of 30 Ancient Egyptian Temples

The ancient temples not only reflect the architectural brilliance of the Egyptians but also their deep religious beliefs and cultural richness, inviting us to explore their fascinating history.
All the specialist people confrm that over 70 % of Egyptian monuments still not found yet ,so here is a list of 30 Ancient temples.

Ancient Egyptian Temples: A Journey Through Time

1.

Karnak Temple


– Location: Luxor
– Fact:One of the largest religious complexes in the world, dedicated to the Theban triad .

2. Luxor Temple
– Location: Luxor
– Fact: Built to honor the god Amun, it features colossal statues and a magnificent avenue of sphinxes.

3.

Hatshepsut Temple


– Location: Deir el-Bahari (western bank of Luxor )
– Fact: A mortuary temple with stunning terraces, dedicated to Queen Hatshepsut, one of Egypt’s few female pharaohs.

4. Philae Temple
– Location: Aswan
– Fact: Dedicated to the goddess Isis, this temple was relocated to Agilkia Island to save it from flooding.

5. Temple of Edfu (Horus temple)
– Location: Edfu
– Fact: The best-preserved ancient temple, dedicated to the falcon god Horus, featuring intricate carvings and reliefs.

horus temple

6. Temple of Kom Ombo
– Location: Kom Ombo
– Fact: Uniquely dedicated to two gods, Sobek and Horus, this temple features a symmetrical design and twin sanctuaries.

7.

Abu Simbel Temples


– Location: Aswan
– Fact:Massive rock-cut temples built by Ramses II, featuring four colossal statues at the entrance.

8. Dendera Temple Complex
– Location: Dendera
– Fact:Dedicated to Hathor, the goddess of love and joy, it is renowned for its well-preserved ceiling and zodiac reliefs.

9. Seti I Temple
– Location: Abydos
– Fact: Famous for its stunning wall reliefs and the Osireion, a symbolic tomb for Osiris.

10. Ramesseum
– Location: Thebes (Luxor )
– Fact: The mortuary temple of Ramses II, known for its impressive fallen statue and unique architectural features.

11. Temple of Mut
– Location: Karnak
– Fact: Dedicated to the mother goddess Mut, featuring a sacred lake and grand entrance.

12. Temple of Khonsu
– Location: Karnak
– Fact: Dedicated to the moon god Khonsu, known for its exquisite reliefs depicting various myths.

13. Temple of Isis
-Location: Philae
– Fact: A significant site for pilgrimage, with beautiful hieroglyphs and impressive architecture.

phiela temple

14. Temple of Aten
– Location: Karnak
– Fact: One of the first temples dedicated to the sun disk Aten, reflecting Akhenaten’s religious revolution.

15. Temple of Ptah
– Location: Memphis
– Fact: Dedicated to the creator god Ptah, showcasing grand architecture and ancient artistry.

16. Temple of Amun
-Location: Karnak
-Fact: The central temple of the Karnak complex, representing the epitome of Egyptian religious architecture.

17. Temple of Neith
– Location: Sais
– Fact:Dedicated to the warrior goddess Neith, known for its impressive hypostyle hall.

18. Temple of Ramses II
– Location: Medinet Habu (western bank of Luxor)
– Fact: Features impressive reliefs depicting the pharaoh’s military victories and daily life.

19. Temple of Sekhmet
– Location Karnak
– Fact: A temple dedicated to the lioness goddess, symbolizing power and protection.

20. Temple of Serapium
– Location: Alexandria
– Fact: A blend of Greek and Egyptian architecture, reflecting the cultural fusion of the period.

21. Temple of Seshat
– Location: Abusir
– Fact: Dedicated to the goddess of wisdom and writing, known for its unique architectural style.

22. Temple of Anubis
– Location: Dog Tombs
– Fact: A temple dedicated to the jackal-headed god, showcasing burial rites and the afterlife.

23. Temple of Meretseger
– Location: Valley of the Kings
– Fact: Dedicated to the cobra goddess, associated with protection and the dead.

24. Temple of the Oracle
– Location:Siwa Oasis
– Fact: Known for the famous oracle consulted by Alexander the Great.

25. Temple of the Sun
– Location: Heliopolis
– Fact: Once a major religious center, dedicated to Ra, the sun god, with impressive obelisks.

26. Temple of the Moon
– Location: Kharga Oasis
– Fact: A lesser-known site, symbolizing the connection between heaven and earth.

27. Temple of the Sphinx (The valley temple)
– Location:* Giza
– Fact: Part of the Giza complex,was dedicated for mumfication and was built be king Khefren .

28. Temple of the Apis Bull
– Location: Memphis
– Fact:A sacred site for the worship of the Apis bull, symbolizing fertility and strength.

29. Temple of the Great Mother
– Location: Karnak
– Fact: Highlights the role of female deities in ancient Egyptian spirituality and culture.

30 Temple of Nefertari
– Location: Abu simble
– Facts: Huge rock temple was built by King Ramsiss II for his favourit wife Nefertari.

Nefertari temple

Egypt full of amazing places , if you would like to know more about this great places check this link here for oraganized tours to most of the pharaonic sited

Written by ATW October 2024

/by

List of Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs with interesting facts about them

The pharaohs of ancient Egypt were the political and religious leaders of the Egyptian people and were often considered gods or semi-god figures. Here’s a list of some notable ancient Egyptian pharaohs, along with some interesting facts

Early Dynastic Period
– Dynasty 1: Narmer (Menes), Hor-Aha, Djer, Djet, Den, Anedjib, Semerkhet, Qa’a
– Dynasty 2: Hotepsekhemwy, Raneb, Nynetjer, Weneg, Senedj, Seth-Peribsen, Khasekhemwy

Narmer (Menes)

: Often credited with uniting Upper and Lower Egypt around 3100 BC, Narmer is sometimes considered the first pharaoh of a unified Egypt. The Narmer Palette is a significant archaeological find depicting this unification.


Old Kingdom
– Dynasty 3: Djoser, Sekhemkhet, Sanakht, Khaba, Huni
– Dynasty 4: Sneferu, Khufu (Cheops), Djedefre, Khafre (Chephren), Menkaure, Shepseskaf
– Dynasty 5: Userkaf, Sahure, Neferirkare Kakai, Shepseskare, Neferefre, Nyuserre Ini, Menkauhor, Djedkare Isesi, Unas
– Dynasty 6: Teti, Userkare, Pepi I, Merenre I, Pepi II, Merenre II, Nitocris

Djoser:

Known for commissioning the Step Pyramid at Saqqara, which was designed by his architect Imhotep and is considered the earliest colossal stone building in Egypt.

pharaohs 2

First Intermediate Period
– Dynasty 7/8: (Poorly documented)
– Dynasty 9/10: (Herakleopolitan Kings, poorly documented)
– Dynasty 11: Mentuhotep I, Intef I, Intef II, Intef III, Mentuhotep II, Mentuhotep III, Mentuhotep IV

Mentuhotep_II : ruled for 51 years and he managed to reunify the 2 lands of Egypt again to be one united kingdom same as Narmer made before.

Middle Kingdom
– Dynasty 12: Amenemhat I, Senusret I, Amenemhat II, Senusret II, Senusret III, Amenemhat III, Amenemhat IV, Sobekneferu

Amenemhat III: reigned for at least 45 years, built 2 pyramids for him self one in Dahshour known as the black pyramid and one in Hawara and had many militry campaings during his life.

Second Intermediate Period
– Dynasty 13: (Numerous short-reigned kings, poorly documented)
– Dynasty 14: (Poorly documented)
– Dynasty 15: Hyksos rulers like Salitis, Khyan, Apophis
– Dynasty 16/17: (Local Theban rulers, poorly documented)

New Kingdom
– Dynasty 18: Ahmose I, Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose II, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV, Amenhotep III, Akhenaten, Smenkhkare, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb
– Dynasty 19: Ramesses I, Seti I, Ramesses II, Merneptah, Amenmesse, Seti II, Siptah, Twosret
– Dynasty 20: Setnakhte, Ramesses III, Ramesses IV, Ramesses V, Ramesses VI, Ramesses VII, Ramesses VIII, Ramesses IX, Ramesses X, Ramesses XI

Hatshepsut:

One of the few female pharaohs, Hatshepsut is known for her prosperous reign and ambitious building projects, including her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri.

pharaohs

Third Intermediate Period
– Dynasty 21: Smendes, Amenemnisu, Psusennes I, Amenemope, Osorkon the Elder, Siamun, Psusennes II
– Dynasty 22: Shoshenq I, Osorkon I, Takelot I, Osorkon II, Shoshenq II, Takelot II, Shoshenq III, Pami, Shoshenq IV, Osorkon III, Shoshenq V
– Dynasty 23: (Overlapping with Dynasty 22, poorly documented)
– Dynasty 24: Tefnakht, Bakenranef

Psusennes_II :Psusennes II’s reign was 24 years and an amazing intact tomb full of silver and gold was found for him in Tanis , well known as the silver king.

Late Period
– Dynasty 25: (Nubian/Kushite Dynasty) Piye, Shabaka, Shebitku, Taharqa, Tantamani
– Dynasty 26: Psamtik I, Necho II, Psamtik II, Apries, Amasis II, Psamtik III
– Dynasty 27: (First Persian Period) Cambyses II, Darius I, Xerxes I, Artaxerxes I, Darius II
– Dynasty 28: Amyrtaeus
– Dynasty 29: Nepherites I, Achoris, Psammuthes, Nepherites II
– Dynasty 30: Nectanebo I, Teos, Nectanebo II
– Dynasty 31: (Second Persian Period)

This list includes many of the key figures in ancient Egyptian history, These pharaohs, among many others, played crucial roles in the history and culture of ancient Egypt, leaving legacies that continue to intrigue historians and archaeologists today.

If you would like to discover more and the interesting Egyptian history check this link here for Pharaohs tours

Written by ATW Septmeber 2024

/by

Ancient Egyptian civilization

Ancient Egyptian civilization is one of the oldest and most fascinating civilizations in human history. This civilization began around 3000 BC, when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified under the first pharaoh, and ended in 332 BC when Alexander the Great invaded Egypt.

The Nile River

The Nile River was the source of life for ancient Egypt, providing fertile land for agriculture due to its annual floods. This agricultural abundance supported a complex society and allowed for the construction of monumental architecture, including the iconic pyramids.

Egyptian society was highly stratified, with the pharaoh at the top, considered a god-king. Below the pharaoh were priests, scribes, and nobles, followed by craftsmen and merchants. The majority of the population were peasants and laborers who worked the land and on state projects.

Religion in old Egypt


Religion played a central role in Egyptian life, they had many gods and goddess, such as Ra, the sun god, and Isis, the goddess of motherhood. The Egyptians believed in an afterlife, which led to elaborate burial practices, including mummification, to preserve the body for the journey to the next world.

gods in old Egypt

Hieroglyphics
Hieroglyphics, the writing system of ancient Egypt, was used for religious texts, official inscriptions, and literature. In 1799 Rosetta Stone was discovered and it was key in deciphering these symbols, revealing much about Egyptian history and culture.

Art and architecture in old Egypt


Art and architecture were very important, characterized by their distinct style and symbolic representation. Temples, tombs, and monuments were adorned with stunning carvings and paintings, often depicting gods, pharaohs, and daily life.
Throughout the, Egyptian history experienced periods of unity and fragmentation, and it was divided into several kingdoms like the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms and the late period.interspersed with intermediate periods of political instability. The New Kingdom, specially under pharaohs like Akhenaten ,Tuthmosis III and Ramses II, marked a time of wealth, power, and extensive building projects.

Trade with neighboring regions, including Nubia, the Levant, and Mesopotamia, were vital for the exchange of goods, ideas, and technology. This interaction influenced Egyptian culture and facilitated the expansion of its influence.

Egypt’s decline began with invasions by foreign powers, including Persians, culminating in the conquest by Alexander the Great. Despite this, the legacy of ancient Egypt endures through its contributions to art, architecture, religion, and writing, continuing to captivate specialists and the public alike.

if you would like to discover more about the ancient egyptian history check this link here for more discovery tours to Egypt

Written by ATW Septemeber 2024

/by

Saqqara Necropolis (The richest archaeological site in Egypt)

Saqqara Necropolis is one of Egypt’s most significant archaeological sites, located about 30 kilometers south of Cairo. It served as the burial ground for the ancient capital of Memphis and is a vast site spanning over 7 kilometers.

Historical Significance:
Saqqara is crucial for understanding the development of Egyptian funerary practices. It is most renowned for its role during the Old Kingdom, when it served as the principal necropolis for the ancient city of Memphis.

The step Pyramid:

The most famous structure at Saqqara is the Step Pyramid of Djoser, which is considered the world’s oldest stone-cut monument, built during the 27th century BCE by the architect Imhotep. The Step Pyramid marked a major architectural innovation, transitioning from traditional mastaba tombs to a pyramidal shape, setting the stage for later pyramids like those at Giza.

Other pyramids of Saqqara:
Saqqara is home to other pyramids belonging to rulers such as Userkaf, Teti, Pepi II and Unas each offering insights into the evolution of pyramid construction.Saqqara is home to a number of pyramids, each with its own unique design and history. Pyramid of Unas, built around 2375 BCE, which is known for its intricate interior decorations, including hieroglyphic inscriptions covering the walls and ceilings. The Pyramid of Teti, built around 2323 BCE, is also notable for its well-preserved interior decorations, including scenes of daily life and religious texts. Finally, the Pyramid of Userkaf, built around 2490 BCE, is one of the earliest pyramids constructed during the Fifth Dynasty and is located in a separate area of Saqqara known as Abusir.

saqqara egypt

Tombs of Saqqara:
The tombs of Saqqara are a vast necropolis located in Egypt, dating back to the First Dynasty (around 3100 BCE). The site includes a wide variety of tombs, from simple mastabas to complex underground structures, such as the Serapeum. The tombs contain a wealth of inscriptions, paintings, and artifacts that provide valuable insights into ancient Egyptian culture, religion, and daily life.

The Serapeum:


The Serapeum is an ancient Egyptian complex of temples and tombs located in Saqqara, dedicated to the god Serapis. It is famous for its huge stone sarcophagi, weighing up to 70 tons each, which were believed to have been carved from a single piece of stone. The Serapeum was an important religious and cultural center in ancient Egypt, and its ruins continue to be a source of fascination and study for scholars and visitors today.

Artistic Legacy:
The tombs at Saqqara are renowned for their well-preserved wall reliefs and paintings, providing valuable insights into ancient Egyptian art and iconography.

saqqara egy

Archaeological Discoveries in Saqqara:

Ongoing excavations continue to reveal new artifacts and insights, with recent discoveries including well-preserved mummies, burial shafts, and the Tomb of Wahtye.Saqqara has been a rich source of archaeological discoveries, with numerous tombs and artifacts uncovered in the area. In 2018, a German-Egyptian team discovered a large, well-preserved tomb dating back to the Middle Kingdom, which contained several sarcophagi and over 500 funerary statues. In 2019, a French-Swiss mission discovered a 4,400-year-old tomb belonging to a high-ranking official named Kaires, which contained a wealth of artifacts including statues, pottery, and jewelry. In 2020, an Egyptian-Spanish mission discovered a collection of 100 wooden sarcophagi, some of which date back to the New Kingdom period, in a previously unexplored area of Saqqara. These discoveries continue to shed light on the rich cultural and historical heritage of ancient Egypt.

Cultural Influence:
Saqqara’s influence extended throughout Egypt, impacting religious practices, art, and architecture across the region.

In conclusion, Saqqara Necropolis is a window into ancient Egyptian civilization, reflecting its architectural prowess, religious beliefs, and cultural heritage, making it an indispensable site for both scholars and visitors alike.

If you would like one day to discover more about Saqqara check this link here as we arrange daily tour to it.

Written by ATW Septmeber 2024

/by

Wadi El Rayan

Read more
/by

Bahariya oasis Egypt

Bahariya oasis

Bahariya Oasis, a verdant haven amidst Egypt’s Western Desert, is located approximately 370 kilometers southwest of Cairo. This lush oasis holds significant historical and economic importance, serving as a vital stopover along ancient trade routes that once connected the Nile Valley to Libya. The oasis is steeped in history, with archaeological sites dating back to the Pharaonic, Greco-Roman, and Byzantine eras, reflecting its long-standing role as a cultural crossroads.

The local community

The community in Bahariya is primarily composed of Bedouins and locals who have lived in harmony with the desert environment for generations. Their way of life is deeply connected to the oasis’s resources, with agriculture being the mainstay of the local economy. The fertile land supports the cultivation of dates, olives, and guavas, which are the main agricultural products of the region.

siwa cover-axa tours

The weather

The weather in Bahariya Oasis is typical of desert climates, with hot summers and mild winters. The oasis benefits from underground water sources, which sustain its agriculture and support the lush palm groves that contrast starkly with the surrounding arid landscape.

The main sites and activites in Bahariya oasis

Visitors to Bahariya can explore a number of fascinating sites and activities. The nearby Black Desert, with its volcanic hills and dark sands, offers a striking visual contrast to the White Desert. The Golden Mummies Museum showcases a remarkable collection of mummies discovered in the area, reflecting the oasis’s rich historical tapestry.

Adventure enthusiasts can enjoy activities such as dune bashing, sandboarding, and trekking. The oasis is also a gateway to the White Desert National Park, famous for its stunning chalk rock formations sculpted by wind and sand into bizarre shapes.

white desert

Moreover, Bahariya is home to several hot springs, such as Bir Sigam, where visitors can relax and enjoy the therapeutic properties of the mineral-rich waters. These springs are a testament to the oasis’s life-giving qualities in an otherwise inhospitable environment.

In summary, Bahariya Oasis is a unique blend of natural beauty, historical intrigue, and cultural richness. It offers a glimpse into the resilience of human life in the desert and the enduring allure of Egypt’s hidden treasures.

we arrange daily tours from Cairo to Bahariya oasis and white desert if you would like one day to join us check this link here for more details.

Written by ATW September 2024

/by

The Grand Egyptisn Museum (GEM)

The Grand Egyptian Museum: Where the Past Meets the Future

The Grand Egyptian Museum (GEM) Located just next to the legendary pyramids on the Giza Plateau, It is gearing up to be a big deal—not just for Egypt, but for history buffs everywhere and is intended to be the largest archaeological museum in the world dedicated to a single civilization .This isn’t just another museum; it’s a massive celebration of Egypt’s rich history and a nod to its future. The whole idea kicked off in the early 2000s, with the goal of creating a cutting-edge space that highlights Egypt’s incredible past while embracing modern design and tech.

The budget of the grand Museum


Getting this thing off the ground wasn’t cheap. We’re talking about a hefty budget, roughly $1 billion, showing just how serious Egypt is about keeping its cultural treasures safe. The funding has come from all over: government funds, international loans, and even some help from friends abroad, emphasizing just how important this project is.

design of grand egyptian museum

The collection inside the grand Egyptian museum

What’s inside? just over 100,000 artifacts, including the entire collection from King Tut’s tomb, many pieces of which are being shown to the public for the first time. also it includes The statue of Khafre, the fourth pharaoh of the Fourth Dynasty of Egypt, which is one of the largest and most well-preserved ancient Egyptian statues in existence.

The Merneptah Stele, which is a granite stele inscribed with the victory of Pharaoh Merneptah over the Libyans and the Sea Peoples.

The colossal statue of Ramesses II, which is over 36 feet (11 meters) tall and is one of the most iconic ancient Egyptian sculptures.

The solar boat, which is a full-scale replica of the boat that was buried with the Pharaoh Khufu.
This museum is like a time machine, offering a deep dive into the mystique and grandeur of ancient Egypt that has fascinated people for centuries.

GEM

The designe

The building itself is a masterpiece. Designed by Dublin’s Heneghan Peng, it strikes a perfect balance between old-school charm and modern flair. Its translucent alabaster facade is a nod to ancient Egyptian architecture, but with a sleek, contemporary twist. The way it’s designed to line up with the Giza pyramids is just genius, creating a seamless connection between the ancient world and today.The facade of the GEM is an impressive modern design that is intended to blend in with the surrounding landscape and the nearby Pyramids of Giza. It is made of glass and steel, and features a series of undulating waves that evoke the Nile River and the surrounding desert. The entrance to the museum is through a large atrium, which is intended to evoke the feeling of entering a grand ancient Egyptian temple.

But the GEM isn’t just a pretty face. It’s crucial on many fronts. Culturally, it’s like a guardian of Egypt’s heritage, making sure these artifacts are around for the next generation. It’s also expected to be a huge tourist magnet, pulling in millions of visitors and giving Egypt’s economy a nice boost. On top of that, it’s going to be a hotspot for research and learning, helping us all get a better grip on ancient civilizations.

Generaly, the Grand Egyptian Museum is more than just a building. It’s a cornerstone of culture, a big part of Egypt’s promise to respect its past while looking ahead. Once the doors swing open, it’s set to take visitors on an unforgettable journey through time, showcasing the wonders of one of the world’s most captivating histories.

If you would like to know more about the Iconic building check this link here for more details

Written by ATW August 2024

/by

Siwa oasis

Siwa oasis Egypt

Discover the enchanting Siwa Oasis, a hidden gem in Egypt that captivates travelers with its stunning natural landscapes, rich history, and vibrant cultural heritage. Nestled in the heart of the Western Desert, Siwa is a place where time seems to stand still, offering a unique blend of experiences for curious visitors.

Weather in Siwa Oasis


Siwa Oasis boasts a classic desert climate, with scorching summers and pleasantly mild winters. The prime time to explore this picturesque oasis is from October to April, when temperatures are comfortably moderate. Summers can be intense, with the mercury soaring above 40°C (104°F), while winter days are typically balmy, ranging from 15°C to 25°C (59°F to 77°F). With minimal rainfall, Siwa remains predominantly dry, making it an ideal year-round destination for sunseekers.

The Community of Siwa


Home to the warm and welcoming Siwi people, Siwa Oasis is a bastion of Berber culture. The Siwans have preserved their distinct language and customs across centuries, offering a glimpse into a unique way of life. Known for their hospitality, the Siwi community thrives on agriculture, with lush date palms and olive groves dotting the landscape. Traditional clothing, architecture, and crafts are integral to their identity, providing visitors with an authentic cultural experience.

siwa

salt lakes in siwa oasis

Visiting the salt lakes in Siwa is a unique and memorable experience. The lakes offer a peaceful and serene environment, and the high salt content of the water is said to have therapeutic properties for the skin and joints.
There are several salt lakes in and around Siwa, including:

1. Lake Siwa (also known as Birket Siwa): This is the largest and most famous of the salt lakes in Siwa. It is a shallow lake located in the center of the oasis, and its waters are highly saline. The lake is a popular spot for swimming and floating, as the high salt content makes it easy to float on the water.
2. Lake Aghurmi: This salt lake is located near the ancient ruins of Aghurmi, which was once the capital of the Siwan kingdom. The lake is surrounded by date palms and is a popular spot for birdwatching.
3. Lake El Bayda: This salt lake is located on the outskirts of Siwa town and is known for its white sandy beaches. The lake is a popular spot for swimming and sunbathing.
4. Lake Fatnas: This small salt lake is located near the Temple of Amun and is surrounded by lush gardens and palm trees. The lake is a popular spot for picnics and swimming.

siwa lakes

Exciting Activities in Siwa
1. Cultural Tours: Immerse yourself in the rich heritage of Siwa by exploring its traditional crafts, architecture, and way of life.
2. Desert Adventures:Embark on thrilling desert safaris in the Great Sand Sea, where you can enjoy dune bashing and sandboarding.
3. Relaxation at Salt Lakes: Take a rejuvenating dip in the natural salt lakes and springs, famed for their therapeutic benefits.
4. Local Shopping: Discover the artistry of Siwan crafts, from intricate jewelry to beautifully embroidered textiles and pottery.
5. Stargazing: With its remote location, Siwa offers a spectacular canvas for stargazing, revealing a brilliant night sky free from urban light pollution.

Must-Visit Sites in Siwa
1. Shali Fortress: Explore the ancient mud-brick fortress that dominates the Siwa skyline, offering breathtaking views of the oasis.
2. Temple of the Oracle of Amun: Step back in time at this historic temple, visited by none other than Alexander the Great.
3. Cleopatra’s Bath: Unwind in the serene waters of this natural spring, also known as the Spring of Juba.
4. Mountain of the Dead: Discover the fascinating tombs at Gebel al-Mawta, dating back to the Ptolemaic and Roman periods.
5. Siwa House Museum: Delve into the rich cultural tapestry of Siwa at this museum, showcasing traditional artifacts and lifestyle.

safari siwa oasis

The Rich History of Siwa
With roots stretching back to the 10th millennium BC, Siwa Oasis is steeped in history. It gained fame during Alexander the Great’s era, when he visited the Oracle of Amun for divine counsel. Its relative isolation over centuries has helped preserve the unique Berber culture and language of the Siwi people. Historically, Siwa was a crucial stop on ancient trade routes, adding to its cultural significance.

The Importance of Siwa Oasis
Siwa Oasis is a cultural and historical treasure, offering invaluable insights into Egypt’s Berber culture. Its archaeological sites are a testament to ancient civilizations, while its pristine natural springs and salt lakes draw wellness enthusiasts from around the world. For anyone seeking a unique blend of history, culture, and natural beauty, Siwa Oasis stands as a testament to Egypt’s diverse and enduring heritage.

Siwa oasis map

siwa map
siwa map

In conclusion, Siwa Oasis is more than just a destination—it’s an experience that transports visitors to a world where ancient traditions and natural wonders coexist in harmony. Discover the magic of Siwa and embrace the timeless allure of this extraordinary oasis.

for more details about the tours and how to to go to Siwa check this link here

Written by ATW Aug 2024

/by

Ancient Egyptian mythology

Ancient Egyptian mythology is a rich tapestry of stories, gods, and rituals that played a crucial role in the daily lives, religious practices, and cultural identity of ancient Egyptians. Here’s a deep dive into the fascinating details and lesser-known aspects of this intricate belief system:

Creation Myths and Cosmology in ancient Egypt

1. Primeval Waters (Nun):
– The ancient Egyptians believed that before the world existed, there was only the dark, chaotic waters of Nun. From these waters emerged the first land, symbolized by a mound, and the first god, Atum.

2. Ennead of Heliopolis:
– Atum created the first divine couple, Shu (air) and Tefnut (moisture), who in turn produced Geb (earth) and Nut (sky). Geb and Nut’s children included Osiris, Isis, Seth, and Nephthys, forming the Ennead, or group of nine deities, of Heliopolis.

3. Ogdoad of Hermopolis:
– In another creation myth, the Ogdoad, a group of eight deities (four male-female pairs) represented the primordial elements of chaos: water, air, darkness, and infinity. These gods were believed to have created the world in Hermopolis.

Major Deities and Their Roles in ancient Egypt

1. Osiris:
– God of the afterlife, resurrection, and agriculture. Osiris was murdered by his brother Seth and resurrected by his wife Isis, symbolizing the cycle of life and death.

2. Isis:
– Goddess of magic, motherhood, and fertility. She was instrumental in resurrecting Osiris and protecting their son, Horus.

3. Horus:
– Sky god often depicted as a falcon. Horus avenged his father Osiris’s death by defeating Seth and became a symbol of kingship and protection.

4. Anubis:
– God of mummification and the afterlife. Anubis guided souls to the afterlife and weighed their hearts against the feather of Ma’at (truth).

5. Ra:
– Sun god and supreme deity. Ra traveled through the sky by day and the underworld by night, battling the serpent Apophis to ensure the sun’s rebirth.

god Horus

Rituals and Beliefs in ancient Egypt:

1. Mummification:
– Essential for ensuring the deceased’s journey to the afterlife. The process involved removing internal organs, drying the body with natron, and wrapping it in linen.

2. Book of the Dead:
– A collection of spells, charms, and formulas to guide the deceased through the underworld and secure a favorable judgment in the afterlife.

3. Temples and Priesthood:
– Temples were the homes of gods on earth. Priests performed daily rituals, including offering food and drink to the deities and reciting hymns.

Symbolism and Iconography in ancient Egypt

1. Ankh:
– The symbol of life. Often depicted in the hands of gods, representing eternal life.

2. Djed Pillar:
– Symbolizing stability and the backbone of Osiris. It was associated with resurrection and eternal life.

3. Eye of Horus (Wedjat):
– A symbol of protection, healing, and restoration. It was often used in amulets and jewelry to ward off evil.

egyptian mythology

Secrets and Lesser-Known Details of ancient Egypt:

1.Hidden Tombs:
– Many royal tombs in the Valley of the Kings were designed with secret chambers and false passages to deter tomb robbers.

2. Mysterious Deities:
– Some gods, like the serpent Apophis, represented chaos and were considered necessary antagonists in the order of the universe.

3. Magic and Spells:
– Magic (heka) was an integral part of daily life and religious practice. Spells were used for protection, healing, and ensuring success in the afterlife.

4. Animal Worship:
– Animals were sacred and often associated with specific gods. For example, cats were linked to Bastet, the goddess of home and fertility.

5. Amarna Period:
– Pharaoh Akhenaten temporarily shifted worship to the Aten, a sun disk, promoting monotheism. This period was marked by dramatic changes in art and religious practices.

Conclusion

The mythology of ancient Egypt is a complex and deeply symbolic system that reflects the civilization’s values, fears, and hopes. From creation myths to elaborate funerary practices, the ancient Egyptians’ belief in the divine shaped every aspect of their world, leaving a legacy that continues to captivate and mystify us today.

If you would like to know more about the ancient Egyptian mythology and visit many royal tombs and temples from the Pharaohs time check this link here for more details

Written by ATW July 2024

/by