Special traditions of Egyptians

Egyptian culture is rich and diverse, shaped by centuries of history, religion, and local traditions that give it a unique identity. Here’s a look at some of Egypt’s most cherished customs that continue to unite people and bring communities together.

. Ramadan: Lanterns, Feasts, and Giving Back


Ramadan in Egypt isn’t just about fasting; it’s an entire season of vibrant lights and flavors. Picture neighborhoods adorned with (fanoos)—colorful lanterns that glow at dusk, casting warm light over streets, homes, and markets. These lanterns add to the magic of Ramadan, a tradition uniquely Egyptian.

When it’s time for (iftar), families and friends come together to break their fast with a meal rich in tradition,which are as much a staple as they are symbols of togetherness. Later in the evening, people often set up “Mercy Tables,” or (Mawaid Al-Rahman), offering free meals to anyone in need—a beautiful expression of Egyptian generosity and community.

2. Sham El-Nessim:

Welcoming Spring the Ancient Egyptian Way
Few holidays connect Egyptians as deeply with their past as (Sham El-Nessim), celebrated right after Easter. This spring festival dates back to the time of the Pharaohs and is all about celebrating new life and the promise of spring.

Egyptians head outdoors with family, feasting on traditional treats like *feseekh* (salted fish), green onions, and hard-boiled eggs—foods thought to bring health and vitality. It’s a day that bridges ancient heritage with the present, bringing Egyptians from all walks of life together under the spring sun.

3. Egyptian Weddings:

Music, Dance, and the Joyful Zaffa**
Egyptian weddings are more than just ceremonies; they’re extravagant celebrations! One highlight is the *zaffa*, a procession with drums, horns, and sometimes even belly dancers, that marks the couple’s entrance. This festive parade fills the air with excitement and music, creating a memorable start to a new chapter.

Egyptians weeding

Brides also celebrate with a (henna night) before the wedding day, where female relatives and friends gather for music, dance, and intricate henna designs. These gatherings are filled with laughter, well-wishes, and blessings for the future, making each wedding a beautiful mix of joy and tradition.

4. Eid al-Adha and Eid al-Fitr:

Family, Sweets, and Giving**
When (Eid al-Adha) arrives, Egyptians come together to share a special meal with loved ones, often including lamb, goat, or cow, in a tradition of sacrifice and charity.

(Eid al-Fitr), marking the end of Ramadan, is a time of joy and connection. Families visit one another, share traditional sweets like (kahk) (delicious powdered-sugar-covered cookies), and give small gifts to children. These two holidays are filled with generosity and love, bringing families together in celebration and giving back to those in need.

Eid in Egypt

5. Moulid Festivals: Honoring birth of Prophit Mohamed with Music and Sweets
Egypt’s (Moulid) festivals are joyful, community-wide events held in honor of saints. The most well-known, *Moulid El-Nabi*, celebrates the Prophet Muhammad’s birth. Streets come alive with parades, traditional sweets, and Sufi dancers in colorful costumes, creating an atmosphere of celebration and reverence. These festivals bring together Egyptians of all ages in lively expressions of faith and festivity.

6. Amulets and Superstitions in Egypt:

The Power of Protection
Ancient beliefs still live on in Egypt, where protective symbols like the (blue eye) and *Khamsa* (hand of Fatima) are common. These amulets, thought to guard against the “evil eye” and misfortune, are worn or displayed everywhere—from jewelry to home decor. These superstitions, deeply woven into the cultural fabric, reflect Egypt’s timeless connection to its past.

7. Coptic Christmas and Epiphany: Faith, Fasting, and Tradition
Coptic Christians in Egypt celebrate Christmas on January 7 with a distinctively Egyptian touch. Many observe a fast beforehand, a spiritual journey that builds up to a joyful celebration. On Epiphany, ceremonies are held near rivers, symbolizing the purification and renewal that come with faith. These traditions keep the Coptic heritage vibrant and alive, rooted in both community and spirituality.

chrismas in Egypt

There are some other Unique traditons that no one else can understand but Egyptians like
The Famous (Mulukhiya Gasp)

Cooking mulukhiya (a classic Egyptian green soup made from Corchorus leaves) is almost a performance in itself, especially when it comes to perfecting the taste. Shah’et El Mulukhiya, which roughly translates to “the Mulukhiya Gasp,” is the loud, dramatic inhale that’s part of the cooking ritual. As legend has it, the cook must take a sudden, open-mouthed gasp right as they add garlic to the pot.

Don’t Leave Juice Behind!

When visiting an Egyptian home, especially one with daughters, there’s an unspoken rule: never leave your glass of juice unfinished. According to Egyptian superstition, a guest who leaves juice in their glass may bring bad luck to the family’s daughters, making it harder for them to find a suitable match.

The False Invitation– 3ozomet Marakbiya

Ever heard of an invitation that’s not really an invitation? Egyptians have a word for this: 3ozomet Marakbiya. The expression traces back to the word markb, which means “boat” in Arabic. Imagine two people in separate boats calling out an invite for food or drink—knowing full well the other can’t actually join them

Egyptian traditions are timeless yet ever-evolving, deeply tied to ancient roots while embracing the present. Each of these customs reflects the warmth, community spirit, and deeply rooted beliefs of Egyptians.

If you would like to know more about the special Egyptians traditions and visit the great sites of there check this link here for more special tour Packages to every where in Egypt.

Written by ATW Novmber 2024

/by

Egypt shopping guide with the best places for shopping in Egypt

Shopping in Egypt is a thrilling blend of traditional souks, vibrant marketplaces, and modern shopping centers, offering everything from artisan crafts to high-end brands. But knowing where to shop and how to bargain can make your experience even more rewarding that is why we cover here Egypt shopping guide with the best places for shopping while you are in Egypt.

Top Shopping places in Egypt

Cairo’s Best Shopping Spots

Khan el-Khalili Bazaar
Dating back to the 14th century, this iconic bazaar is brimming with intricately designed jewelry, hand-blown glass lamps, silver goods, perfumes, and traditional textiles. Be ready to bargain; it’s part of the experience!

shopping guide in Egypt

Zamalek
Cairo’s Zamalek neighborhood is a chic hub filled with boutiques, art galleries, and antique shops offering everything from fair-trade products to high-quality home décor. Its shaded streets are perfect for a leisurely shopping stroll with unique artisan finds.

Citystars Mall, Heliopolis
One of Cairo’s largest malls, Citystars is a comprehensive shopping experience. From international brands to local designers, tech stores, cinemas, and diverse dining options, it’s a modern shopper’s paradise.

Mall of Egypt, Giza
This upscale mall is famous for its luxury brands, high-end retail, and even an indoor ski slope! Ideal for those looking to shop in style, it’s a sophisticated addition to Egypt’s retail landscape.

Souq Al Fustat, Old Cairo
Located in historic Cairo, Souq Al Fustat specializes in high-quality Egyptian handicrafts, including pottery, leatherwork, and fine jewelry. It’s perfect for those wanting authentic items with a focus on craftsmanship.

Luxor’s Best Shopping Spots


Luxor local Market
Known for its lively ambiance, the Luxor Market is excellent for traditional souvenirs like alabaster statues, clothing, spices, and beautifully painted papyrus.

shopping in egypt 2

Fair Trade Centre, Luxor
This non-profit store in Sharia al-Karnak supports local artisans, offering hand-carved wood items, pottery, aromatic oils, beadwork, and more—all ethically sourced and reasonably priced.

Souq At Talaat, Taref
Held every Tuesday opposite the Temple of Seti I, this traditional market sells fresh fruits, vegetables, and a variety of local handicrafts. It’s an ideal place to immerse in the local way of life.

Aswan main local Market


Aswan’s souk reflects Nubian culture with a colorful selection of African-inspired crafts, handmade jewelry, spices, and textiles—a perfect stop for unique and exotic souvenirs.

Hurghada’s Best Shopping Spots
El Dahar Souq, Hurghada
Located along the Red Sea, El Dahar Souq offers aromatic spices, teas, perfumes, and other traditional Egyptian products. It’s a fantastic shopping experience with a coastal vibe.

Gouna Souk, El Gouna
An upscale resort town market, the Gouna Souk is ideal for chic beachwear, handmade crafts, and specialty items in a relaxed, boutique setting.

hurghada market

Sharm El Sheikh Old Market
This famous market is packed with traditional Egyptian goods, from hookahs to handmade rugs. It’s a great spot for unique items and an authentic cultural experience.

Alexandria City Centre
A popular shopping mall in Alexandria, City Centre combines local and international brands with excellent dining options, making it a convenient shopping stop by the Mediterranean.

Shopping Tips for Egypt

-Mastering the Bargain: In Egyptian markets, bargaining is an art. Sellers often invite you for tea or coffee, making shopping a social ritual. Start by offering around half of the seller’s price for pricier items and work your way up.

-Seek Authenticity: For items like papyrus or silver, look for official stamps that guarantee authenticity. It’s worth asking about the origin of any product.

– Stay Savvy: Some shops target tourists with high prices. To get the best deals, browse multiple shops and compare prices.

Shopping in Egypt is more than a transaction; it’s a vibrant cultural experience. From souks rich in tradition to malls with cutting-edge style, Egypt’s shopping scene has it all. If you would like to have special shooping experience when you are in Egypt check this link here for more details and organized shooping tours.

Written by ATW October 2024

/by

List of the most famous 50 gods and goddesses in ancient Egypt

List of the most famous gods and goddesses from ancient Egypt.
The ancient Egyptians embraced a vibrant polytheistic faith, woven with over 2,000 gods and goddesses who governed every aspect of life and nature.Pharaohs acted as divine intermediaries, tasked with upholding (Maat)the sacred harmony between gods and humanity. Here’s a glimpse at some of the most renowned gods and goddesses from ancient Egypt’s rich pantheon.

1.

Amun

,
Amun is the god of all gods, one of ancient Egyptian gods and goddesses, and the creator of existence, and the leader of the gods and humanity in the world of the living and the dead often considered the king of the gods.
2.

Osiris

–
God of the afterlife, resurrection, and fertility and he was one of the first Egyptian creation gods and the original five gods, the grandson of Amun, and ruler of the underworld.
3.

Isis

–
Goddess of magic, motherhood, and fertility; wife of Osiris also she was considered as Mother of the Gods and West-Kekau, “Great Magician” who became a supernatural deity who had an association with almost every aspect of humanity in time.
4.

Horus

–
Sky god, often depicted as a falcon; associated with kingship.son of Osiris, and Isis ,one of ancient Egyptian gods and goddesses, ruler of the underworld associated with the sky, the sun, and the divine power of the sky.
5. Anubis – God of mummification and the afterlife; protector of graves.
6. Set – God of chaos, storms, and the desert; brother of Osiris.
7. Thoth – God of wisdom, writing, and knowledge; often depicted as an ibis.
8. Hathor – Goddess of love, beauty, and music; associated with motherhood.
9. Sekhmet – Warrior goddess and goddess of healing; depicted as a lioness.
10. Ra – God of the air; later merged with Ra as Amun-Ra.
11. Nut – Sky goddess, mother of Osiris, Isis, Set, and Nephthys.
12. Geb – God of the earth and vegetation; husband of Nut.
13. Bastet – Goddess of home, fertility, and childbirth; depicted as a lioness or domestic cat.
14. Ptah – God of craftsmen and architects; associated with creation.
15. Ma’at – Goddess of truth, justice, and cosmic order.
16. Nephthys – Goddess of the night and mourning; sister of Isis and Osiris.
17. Seshat – Goddess of writing, knowledge, and wisdom.
18. Khepri – God of creation and the rising sun; depicted as a scarab beetle.

gods of Egypt

19. Shu – God of air and light; husband of Tefnut.
20. Tefnut – Goddess of moisture and rain; sister and wife of Shu.
21. Khnum – God of the Nile and creation; depicted as a ram.
22. Sobek – God of the Nile and crocodiles; associated with fertility and military prowess.
23. Anuket – Goddess of the Nile; associated with fertility and water.
24. Serqet (or Selket) – Scorpion goddess; protector of the dead.
25. Aset – Another name for Isis; goddess of magic and motherhood.
26. Horus the Elder – A form of Horus associated with the sky and kingship.
27. Djehuty – Another name for Thoth; god of wisdom.
28. Mafdet – Goddess of justice and execution; depicted as a feline.
29. Bennu – A bird associated with the sun and creation; linked to the phoenix.
30. Wadjet – Goddess of protection; depicted as a cobra.
31. Heka – God of magic and medicine.
32. Sopdu – God of the eastern sky and protector of the pharaoh.
33. Khepri – God of the morning sun; often depicted as a scarab.
34. Amunet – Female counterpart of Amun; goddess of air and invisibility.
35. Nefertem – God of healing and beauty; associated with the lotus.

gods of Egypt 2

36. Taweret – Goddess of childbirth and fertility; depicted as a hippopotamus.
37. Ihy – God of music and joy; son of Hathor.
38. Khonsu – God of the moon and time; associated with healing.
39. Apep – Serpent god of chaos and destruction; enemy of Ra.
40. Maatkare – Goddess of truth and justice.
41. Bast – Another form of Bastet; goddess of home and fertility.
42. Seti – Associated with Set; often represented as a deity of chaos.
43. Nutet – Another aspect of Nut; goddess of the night sky.
44. Qetesh – Goddess of love and war; associated with sexuality.
45. Seshat – Goddess of writing and measurement.
46. Serapis – A later deity that combined aspects of Osiris and Apis.
47. Tefnut – Goddess of moisture and rain.
48. Horus the Younger – Associated with the pharaoh and kingship.
49. Wepwawet – God of warfare and the hunt; depicted as a wolf.
50. Meskhenet – Goddess of Childbirth

Each one of these deities were serving specific roles and embodying different aspects of life, death, and the cosmos.if you would like to know more about ancient egyptian history and visit the stunning Pharaohs temples check this link here for a wonderful tours to it.

Written by ATW October 2024

/by

How Were the Pyramids Built? Unraveling the Mysteries

The mysteries of how the pyramids were built continue to captivate historians, archaeologists, and enthusiasts, ensuring their place in both history and our imaginations , Despite the myriad theories, the exact techniques used to construct these colossal edifices remain shrouded in mystery because simply we did not find any report or writings from Pharaohs time to tell how they built the pyramis that is why there are many theories non of it has been confirmed yet.

How the Pyramids Were Built: Uncovering the Ancient Mysteries

The Great Pyramids of Giza have intrigued and captivated people for centuries. Rising majestically from the desert sands, these remarkable structures, built around 4500 years ago , were more than just elaborate tombs; they symbolized the divine power of the pharaohs and their eternal journey into the afterlife.

One of the most compelling theories suggests that the construction involved thousands of skilled workers, not slaves as often believed so it was kind of national project. These laborers, many of whom were farmers, organized into teams, worked during the inundation of the Nile when their fields were underwater. This seasonal labor force highlights a sophisticated understanding of resource management in ancient Egyptian society.the work was under control of other supervisiors and architects.

step pyramid

Transporting the Stone Blocks


The construction relied heavily on the transport of massive limestone and granite blocks. Researchers believe these stones were moved on sledges, which may have been lubricated with water to reduce friction.

Water canal system
Before construction the ground level was not equal and for this reason they would cut many channels like a chessboard and they would connect all the channels together and then fill them with water, the water as long as it was connected has the same level, so they used the water surface as a mark and then they cut all the upper ground stones to be equal to the surface level Water to be exactly the same level as the ground.

Theories of Ramps
At the heart of the construction debate are various ramp theories. One popular idea is the straight ramp, which suggests long, inclined planes were used to haul stones upward. Alternatively, the zigzag ramp theory proposes a more complex design, where ramps could have snaked up the sides of the pyramids.

Astrological Precisionof the pyramid


The pyramids are aligned with astonishing accuracy to the cardinal points, showcasing the Egyptians’ advanced understanding of astronomy. They likely utilized the stars and the sun as tools for navigation, ensuring the pyramids were oriented perfectly to the cosmos.

Egptian pyramids

A Long-Lasting Commitment
The Great Pyramid’s construction spanned approximately 20 years, underscoring the impressive organization and dedication of the workforce. The builders lived in nearby settlements equipped with bakeries and breweries, ensuring they were well-fed and motivated for their monumental task.

Decorating the pyramids
As long as the construction has been finished the whole pyramid was coverd by fine quality of limestone to look more luxury specially the the top of the pyramid was made of from pure gold and the second reason for coating the pyramid to hide the entrance from the tomb robbers, so the whole pyramid was white colore and the top was gold for reflecting the sun rays.

Symbolism Beyond Stone
More than mere architectural feats, the pyramids embody the spiritual beliefs of ancient Egypt. Their triangular shape symbolizes the sun’s rays, representing the pharaoh’s ascension to the heavens. This connection to the divine made each pyramid not just a tomb but a gateway to eternity.

If you would like to visit Giza pyramids and know more about its secerts check this link here

Written by ATW October 2024

/by

List of 30 Ancient Egyptian Temples

The ancient temples not only reflect the architectural brilliance of the Egyptians but also their deep religious beliefs and cultural richness, inviting us to explore their fascinating history.
All the specialist people confrm that over 70 % of Egyptian monuments still not found yet ,so here is a list of 30 Ancient temples.

Ancient Egyptian Temples: A Journey Through Time

1.

Karnak Temple


– Location: Luxor
– Fact:One of the largest religious complexes in the world, dedicated to the Theban triad .

2. Luxor Temple
– Location: Luxor
– Fact: Built to honor the god Amun, it features colossal statues and a magnificent avenue of sphinxes.

3.

Hatshepsut Temple


– Location: Deir el-Bahari (western bank of Luxor )
– Fact: A mortuary temple with stunning terraces, dedicated to Queen Hatshepsut, one of Egypt’s few female pharaohs.

4. Philae Temple
– Location: Aswan
– Fact: Dedicated to the goddess Isis, this temple was relocated to Agilkia Island to save it from flooding.

5. Temple of Edfu (Horus temple)
– Location: Edfu
– Fact: The best-preserved ancient temple, dedicated to the falcon god Horus, featuring intricate carvings and reliefs.

horus temple

6. Temple of Kom Ombo
– Location: Kom Ombo
– Fact: Uniquely dedicated to two gods, Sobek and Horus, this temple features a symmetrical design and twin sanctuaries.

7.

Abu Simbel Temples


– Location: Aswan
– Fact:Massive rock-cut temples built by Ramses II, featuring four colossal statues at the entrance.

8. Dendera Temple Complex
– Location: Dendera
– Fact:Dedicated to Hathor, the goddess of love and joy, it is renowned for its well-preserved ceiling and zodiac reliefs.

9. Seti I Temple
– Location: Abydos
– Fact: Famous for its stunning wall reliefs and the Osireion, a symbolic tomb for Osiris.

10. Ramesseum
– Location: Thebes (Luxor )
– Fact: The mortuary temple of Ramses II, known for its impressive fallen statue and unique architectural features.

11. Temple of Mut
– Location: Karnak
– Fact: Dedicated to the mother goddess Mut, featuring a sacred lake and grand entrance.

12. Temple of Khonsu
– Location: Karnak
– Fact: Dedicated to the moon god Khonsu, known for its exquisite reliefs depicting various myths.

13. Temple of Isis
-Location: Philae
– Fact: A significant site for pilgrimage, with beautiful hieroglyphs and impressive architecture.

phiela temple

14. Temple of Aten
– Location: Karnak
– Fact: One of the first temples dedicated to the sun disk Aten, reflecting Akhenaten’s religious revolution.

15. Temple of Ptah
– Location: Memphis
– Fact: Dedicated to the creator god Ptah, showcasing grand architecture and ancient artistry.

16. Temple of Amun
-Location: Karnak
-Fact: The central temple of the Karnak complex, representing the epitome of Egyptian religious architecture.

17. Temple of Neith
– Location: Sais
– Fact:Dedicated to the warrior goddess Neith, known for its impressive hypostyle hall.

18. Temple of Ramses II
– Location: Medinet Habu (western bank of Luxor)
– Fact: Features impressive reliefs depicting the pharaoh’s military victories and daily life.

19. Temple of Sekhmet
– Location Karnak
– Fact: A temple dedicated to the lioness goddess, symbolizing power and protection.

20. Temple of Serapium
– Location: Alexandria
– Fact: A blend of Greek and Egyptian architecture, reflecting the cultural fusion of the period.

21. Temple of Seshat
– Location: Abusir
– Fact: Dedicated to the goddess of wisdom and writing, known for its unique architectural style.

22. Temple of Anubis
– Location: Dog Tombs
– Fact: A temple dedicated to the jackal-headed god, showcasing burial rites and the afterlife.

23. Temple of Meretseger
– Location: Valley of the Kings
– Fact: Dedicated to the cobra goddess, associated with protection and the dead.

24. Temple of the Oracle
– Location:Siwa Oasis
– Fact: Known for the famous oracle consulted by Alexander the Great.

25. Temple of the Sun
– Location: Heliopolis
– Fact: Once a major religious center, dedicated to Ra, the sun god, with impressive obelisks.

26. Temple of the Moon
– Location: Kharga Oasis
– Fact: A lesser-known site, symbolizing the connection between heaven and earth.

27. Temple of the Sphinx (The valley temple)
– Location:* Giza
– Fact: Part of the Giza complex,was dedicated for mumfication and was built be king Khefren .

28. Temple of the Apis Bull
– Location: Memphis
– Fact:A sacred site for the worship of the Apis bull, symbolizing fertility and strength.

29. Temple of the Great Mother
– Location: Karnak
– Fact: Highlights the role of female deities in ancient Egyptian spirituality and culture.

30 Temple of Nefertari
– Location: Abu simble
– Facts: Huge rock temple was built by King Ramsiss II for his favourit wife Nefertari.

Nefertari temple

Egypt full of amazing places , if you would like to know more about this great places check this link here for oraganized tours to most of the pharaonic sited

Written by ATW October 2024

/by

List of Ancient Egyptian Pharaohs with interesting facts about them

The pharaohs of ancient Egypt were the political and religious leaders of the Egyptian people and were often considered gods or semi-god figures. Here’s a list of some notable ancient Egyptian pharaohs, along with some interesting facts

Early Dynastic Period
– Dynasty 1: Narmer (Menes), Hor-Aha, Djer, Djet, Den, Anedjib, Semerkhet, Qa’a
– Dynasty 2: Hotepsekhemwy, Raneb, Nynetjer, Weneg, Senedj, Seth-Peribsen, Khasekhemwy

Narmer (Menes)

: Often credited with uniting Upper and Lower Egypt around 3100 BC, Narmer is sometimes considered the first pharaoh of a unified Egypt. The Narmer Palette is a significant archaeological find depicting this unification.


Old Kingdom
– Dynasty 3: Djoser, Sekhemkhet, Sanakht, Khaba, Huni
– Dynasty 4: Sneferu, Khufu (Cheops), Djedefre, Khafre (Chephren), Menkaure, Shepseskaf
– Dynasty 5: Userkaf, Sahure, Neferirkare Kakai, Shepseskare, Neferefre, Nyuserre Ini, Menkauhor, Djedkare Isesi, Unas
– Dynasty 6: Teti, Userkare, Pepi I, Merenre I, Pepi II, Merenre II, Nitocris

Djoser:

Known for commissioning the Step Pyramid at Saqqara, which was designed by his architect Imhotep and is considered the earliest colossal stone building in Egypt.

pharaohs 2

First Intermediate Period
– Dynasty 7/8: (Poorly documented)
– Dynasty 9/10: (Herakleopolitan Kings, poorly documented)
– Dynasty 11: Mentuhotep I, Intef I, Intef II, Intef III, Mentuhotep II, Mentuhotep III, Mentuhotep IV

Mentuhotep_II : ruled for 51 years and he managed to reunify the 2 lands of Egypt again to be one united kingdom same as Narmer made before.

Middle Kingdom
– Dynasty 12: Amenemhat I, Senusret I, Amenemhat II, Senusret II, Senusret III, Amenemhat III, Amenemhat IV, Sobekneferu

Amenemhat III: reigned for at least 45 years, built 2 pyramids for him self one in Dahshour known as the black pyramid and one in Hawara and had many militry campaings during his life.

Second Intermediate Period
– Dynasty 13: (Numerous short-reigned kings, poorly documented)
– Dynasty 14: (Poorly documented)
– Dynasty 15: Hyksos rulers like Salitis, Khyan, Apophis
– Dynasty 16/17: (Local Theban rulers, poorly documented)

New Kingdom
– Dynasty 18: Ahmose I, Amenhotep I, Thutmose I, Thutmose II, Hatshepsut, Thutmose III, Amenhotep II, Thutmose IV, Amenhotep III, Akhenaten, Smenkhkare, Tutankhamun, Ay, Horemheb
– Dynasty 19: Ramesses I, Seti I, Ramesses II, Merneptah, Amenmesse, Seti II, Siptah, Twosret
– Dynasty 20: Setnakhte, Ramesses III, Ramesses IV, Ramesses V, Ramesses VI, Ramesses VII, Ramesses VIII, Ramesses IX, Ramesses X, Ramesses XI

Hatshepsut:

One of the few female pharaohs, Hatshepsut is known for her prosperous reign and ambitious building projects, including her mortuary temple at Deir el-Bahri.

pharaohs

Third Intermediate Period
– Dynasty 21: Smendes, Amenemnisu, Psusennes I, Amenemope, Osorkon the Elder, Siamun, Psusennes II
– Dynasty 22: Shoshenq I, Osorkon I, Takelot I, Osorkon II, Shoshenq II, Takelot II, Shoshenq III, Pami, Shoshenq IV, Osorkon III, Shoshenq V
– Dynasty 23: (Overlapping with Dynasty 22, poorly documented)
– Dynasty 24: Tefnakht, Bakenranef

Psusennes_II :Psusennes II’s reign was 24 years and an amazing intact tomb full of silver and gold was found for him in Tanis , well known as the silver king.

Late Period
– Dynasty 25: (Nubian/Kushite Dynasty) Piye, Shabaka, Shebitku, Taharqa, Tantamani
– Dynasty 26: Psamtik I, Necho II, Psamtik II, Apries, Amasis II, Psamtik III
– Dynasty 27: (First Persian Period) Cambyses II, Darius I, Xerxes I, Artaxerxes I, Darius II
– Dynasty 28: Amyrtaeus
– Dynasty 29: Nepherites I, Achoris, Psammuthes, Nepherites II
– Dynasty 30: Nectanebo I, Teos, Nectanebo II
– Dynasty 31: (Second Persian Period)

This list includes many of the key figures in ancient Egyptian history, These pharaohs, among many others, played crucial roles in the history and culture of ancient Egypt, leaving legacies that continue to intrigue historians and archaeologists today.

If you would like to discover more and the interesting Egyptian history check this link here for Pharaohs tours

Written by ATW Septmeber 2024

/by

Ancient Egyptian civilization

Ancient Egyptian civilization is one of the oldest and most fascinating civilizations in human history. This civilization began around 3000 BC, when Upper and Lower Egypt were unified under the first pharaoh, and ended in 332 BC when Alexander the Great invaded Egypt.

The Nile River

The Nile River was the source of life for ancient Egypt, providing fertile land for agriculture due to its annual floods. This agricultural abundance supported a complex society and allowed for the construction of monumental architecture, including the iconic pyramids.

Egyptian society was highly stratified, with the pharaoh at the top, considered a god-king. Below the pharaoh were priests, scribes, and nobles, followed by craftsmen and merchants. The majority of the population were peasants and laborers who worked the land and on state projects.

Religion in old Egypt


Religion played a central role in Egyptian life, they had many gods and goddess, such as Ra, the sun god, and Isis, the goddess of motherhood. The Egyptians believed in an afterlife, which led to elaborate burial practices, including mummification, to preserve the body for the journey to the next world.

gods in old Egypt

Hieroglyphics
Hieroglyphics, the writing system of ancient Egypt, was used for religious texts, official inscriptions, and literature. In 1799 Rosetta Stone was discovered and it was key in deciphering these symbols, revealing much about Egyptian history and culture.

Art and architecture in old Egypt


Art and architecture were very important, characterized by their distinct style and symbolic representation. Temples, tombs, and monuments were adorned with stunning carvings and paintings, often depicting gods, pharaohs, and daily life.
Throughout the, Egyptian history experienced periods of unity and fragmentation, and it was divided into several kingdoms like the Old, Middle, and New Kingdoms and the late period.interspersed with intermediate periods of political instability. The New Kingdom, specially under pharaohs like Akhenaten ,Tuthmosis III and Ramses II, marked a time of wealth, power, and extensive building projects.

Trade with neighboring regions, including Nubia, the Levant, and Mesopotamia, were vital for the exchange of goods, ideas, and technology. This interaction influenced Egyptian culture and facilitated the expansion of its influence.

Egypt’s decline began with invasions by foreign powers, including Persians, culminating in the conquest by Alexander the Great. Despite this, the legacy of ancient Egypt endures through its contributions to art, architecture, religion, and writing, continuing to captivate specialists and the public alike.

if you would like to discover more about the ancient egyptian history check this link here for more discovery tours to Egypt

Written by ATW Septemeber 2024

/by

Saqqara Necropolis (The richest archaeological site in Egypt)

Saqqara Necropolis is one of Egypt’s most significant archaeological sites, located about 30 kilometers south of Cairo. It served as the burial ground for the ancient capital of Memphis and is a vast site spanning over 7 kilometers.

Historical Significance:
Saqqara is crucial for understanding the development of Egyptian funerary practices. It is most renowned for its role during the Old Kingdom, when it served as the principal necropolis for the ancient city of Memphis.

The step Pyramid:

The most famous structure at Saqqara is the Step Pyramid of Djoser, which is considered the world’s oldest stone-cut monument, built during the 27th century BCE by the architect Imhotep. The Step Pyramid marked a major architectural innovation, transitioning from traditional mastaba tombs to a pyramidal shape, setting the stage for later pyramids like those at Giza.

Other pyramids of Saqqara:
Saqqara is home to other pyramids belonging to rulers such as Userkaf, Teti, Pepi II and Unas each offering insights into the evolution of pyramid construction.Saqqara is home to a number of pyramids, each with its own unique design and history. Pyramid of Unas, built around 2375 BCE, which is known for its intricate interior decorations, including hieroglyphic inscriptions covering the walls and ceilings. The Pyramid of Teti, built around 2323 BCE, is also notable for its well-preserved interior decorations, including scenes of daily life and religious texts. Finally, the Pyramid of Userkaf, built around 2490 BCE, is one of the earliest pyramids constructed during the Fifth Dynasty and is located in a separate area of Saqqara known as Abusir.

saqqara egypt

Tombs of Saqqara:
The tombs of Saqqara are a vast necropolis located in Egypt, dating back to the First Dynasty (around 3100 BCE). The site includes a wide variety of tombs, from simple mastabas to complex underground structures, such as the Serapeum. The tombs contain a wealth of inscriptions, paintings, and artifacts that provide valuable insights into ancient Egyptian culture, religion, and daily life.

The Serapeum:


The Serapeum is an ancient Egyptian complex of temples and tombs located in Saqqara, dedicated to the god Serapis. It is famous for its huge stone sarcophagi, weighing up to 70 tons each, which were believed to have been carved from a single piece of stone. The Serapeum was an important religious and cultural center in ancient Egypt, and its ruins continue to be a source of fascination and study for scholars and visitors today.

Artistic Legacy:
The tombs at Saqqara are renowned for their well-preserved wall reliefs and paintings, providing valuable insights into ancient Egyptian art and iconography.

saqqara egy

Archaeological Discoveries in Saqqara:

Ongoing excavations continue to reveal new artifacts and insights, with recent discoveries including well-preserved mummies, burial shafts, and the Tomb of Wahtye.Saqqara has been a rich source of archaeological discoveries, with numerous tombs and artifacts uncovered in the area. In 2018, a German-Egyptian team discovered a large, well-preserved tomb dating back to the Middle Kingdom, which contained several sarcophagi and over 500 funerary statues. In 2019, a French-Swiss mission discovered a 4,400-year-old tomb belonging to a high-ranking official named Kaires, which contained a wealth of artifacts including statues, pottery, and jewelry. In 2020, an Egyptian-Spanish mission discovered a collection of 100 wooden sarcophagi, some of which date back to the New Kingdom period, in a previously unexplored area of Saqqara. These discoveries continue to shed light on the rich cultural and historical heritage of ancient Egypt.

Cultural Influence:
Saqqara’s influence extended throughout Egypt, impacting religious practices, art, and architecture across the region.

In conclusion, Saqqara Necropolis is a window into ancient Egyptian civilization, reflecting its architectural prowess, religious beliefs, and cultural heritage, making it an indispensable site for both scholars and visitors alike.

If you would like one day to discover more about Saqqara check this link here as we arrange daily tour to it.

Written by ATW Septmeber 2024

/by

Wadi El Rayan

Read more
/by

Bahariya oasis Egypt

Bahariya oasis

Bahariya Oasis, a verdant haven amidst Egypt’s Western Desert, is located approximately 370 kilometers southwest of Cairo. This lush oasis holds significant historical and economic importance, serving as a vital stopover along ancient trade routes that once connected the Nile Valley to Libya. The oasis is steeped in history, with archaeological sites dating back to the Pharaonic, Greco-Roman, and Byzantine eras, reflecting its long-standing role as a cultural crossroads.

The local community

The community in Bahariya is primarily composed of Bedouins and locals who have lived in harmony with the desert environment for generations. Their way of life is deeply connected to the oasis’s resources, with agriculture being the mainstay of the local economy. The fertile land supports the cultivation of dates, olives, and guavas, which are the main agricultural products of the region.

siwa cover-axa tours

The weather

The weather in Bahariya Oasis is typical of desert climates, with hot summers and mild winters. The oasis benefits from underground water sources, which sustain its agriculture and support the lush palm groves that contrast starkly with the surrounding arid landscape.

The main sites and activites in Bahariya oasis

Visitors to Bahariya can explore a number of fascinating sites and activities. The nearby Black Desert, with its volcanic hills and dark sands, offers a striking visual contrast to the White Desert. The Golden Mummies Museum showcases a remarkable collection of mummies discovered in the area, reflecting the oasis’s rich historical tapestry.

Adventure enthusiasts can enjoy activities such as dune bashing, sandboarding, and trekking. The oasis is also a gateway to the White Desert National Park, famous for its stunning chalk rock formations sculpted by wind and sand into bizarre shapes.

white desert

Moreover, Bahariya is home to several hot springs, such as Bir Sigam, where visitors can relax and enjoy the therapeutic properties of the mineral-rich waters. These springs are a testament to the oasis’s life-giving qualities in an otherwise inhospitable environment.

In summary, Bahariya Oasis is a unique blend of natural beauty, historical intrigue, and cultural richness. It offers a glimpse into the resilience of human life in the desert and the enduring allure of Egypt’s hidden treasures.

we arrange daily tours from Cairo to Bahariya oasis and white desert if you would like one day to join us check this link here for more details.

Written by ATW September 2024

/by